International Baccalaureate · PYP 2
Times Tables
Learn the multiplication times tables for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 using visual aids like number lines, groups of objects, and cubes. This module helps students master multiplication facts and understand the concept of repeated addition.
I
A Tool for Fast Multiplication
There are 5 empty boxes, and each box needs 9 pencils to be full.
Hugo could use repeated addition: $$9+9+9+9+9$$But this can be slow. A much faster way is to use multiplication:$$5 \times 9$$If we know our times tables, we know the answer instantly! Because we know that \(\textcolor{colordef}{5}\times \textcolor{colorprop}{9}=\textcolor{olive}{45}\), Hugo needs 45 pencils. This is why learning the times tables is so useful—they are a shortcut for solving problems quickly!
Definition — Times Table
A times table is a helpful chart that shows the results of multiplying a number by other numbers (usually from 0 to 10). Each number has its own times table.Example
Use the times table for 4 to calculate \(4\times 9\).$$\begin{aligned}\textcolor{colordef}{4}\times \textcolor{colorprop}{0}&=\textcolor{olive}{0}\\
\textcolor{colordef}{4}\times \textcolor{colorprop}{1}&=\textcolor{olive}{4}\\
\textcolor{colordef}{4}\times \textcolor{colorprop}{2}&=\textcolor{olive}{8 }\\
\textcolor{colordef}{4}\times \textcolor{colorprop}{3}&=\textcolor{olive}{12 }\\
\textcolor{colordef}{4}\times \textcolor{colorprop}{4}&=\textcolor{olive}{16 }\\
\textcolor{colordef}{4}\times \textcolor{colorprop}{5}&=\textcolor{olive}{20 }\\
\textcolor{colordef}{4}\times \textcolor{colorprop}{6}&=\textcolor{olive}{24 }\\
\textcolor{colordef}{4}\times \textcolor{colorprop}{7}&=\textcolor{olive}{28 }\\
\textcolor{colordef}{4}\times \textcolor{colorprop}{8}&=\textcolor{olive}{32 }\\
\textcolor{colordef}{4}\times \textcolor{colorprop}{9}&=\textcolor{olive}{36 }\\
\textcolor{colordef}{4}\times \textcolor{colorprop}{10}&=\textcolor{olive}{40}\end{aligned}$$
Looking at the times table for 4, we can find the line for \(4\times 9\) and see that the answer is 36.
Skills to practice
- Calculating Using the Times Table
II
The 2s Times Table
How many eyes are there in total?
We have 5 groups, and each group has 2 eyes. We can skip-count by 2s: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.
This is the same as the multiplication sentence: \(5 \times 2 = 10\).
A smart trick is to remember that \(5 \times 2\) is the same as \(2 \times 5\). This can be easier to calculate: \(5 + 5 = 10\).
This is the same as the multiplication sentence: \(5 \times 2 = 10\).
A smart trick is to remember that \(5 \times 2\) is the same as \(2 \times 5\). This can be easier to calculate: \(5 + 5 = 10\).
Proposition — Times Table of 2
Skills to practice
- Counting by 2s Using a Number Line
- Multiplying by 2 Using Cubes
- Multiplying by 2 Using Cubes
- Multiplying by 2 Using Cubes
- Calculating 2 Times
III
The 5s Times Table
How many cubes are there in total?
We see 3 groups of 5. We can skip-count by 5s: 5, 10, 15.
Proposition — Times Table of 5
Skills to practice
- Counting by 5s Using a Number Line
- Multiplying by 5 Using Cubes
- Multiplying by 5 Using Cubes
- Multiplying by 5
IV
The 10s Times Table
How many cubes are in these 3 groups of 10?
We have 3 groups of 10. We can skip-count by 10s: 10, 20, 30.
Proposition — Times Table of 10
Skills to practice
- Counting by 10s Using a Number Line
- Multiplying by 10 Using Cubes
- Multiplying by 10 Using Items
- Multiplying by 10
V
The 3s Times Table
Each bunch has 3 bananas. How many bananas are there altogether?
We have 4 groups of 3. We can skip-count by 3s: 3, 6, 9, 12.
Proposition — Times Table of 3
Skills to practice
- Counting by 3s Using a Number Line
- Multiplying by 3 Using Cubes
- Multiplying by 3
VI
The 4s Times Table
If each butterfly has 4 wings, how many wings are there in total?
There are 5 groups of 4. We can skip-count by 4s: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20.
Proposition — Times Table of 4
Skills to practice
- Counting by 4s Using a Number Line
- Multiplying by 4 Using Cubes
- Multiplying by 4
VII
Review \& Beyond
Skills to practice
- Quiz
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