Prime factorization of a number is writing that number as a product of prime numbers only. In other words, it is finding which prime numbers you need to multiply together to get the original number.
The prime factorization is \(12 = 2 \times 2 \times 3\). The order is not important. You can write \(12 = 3 \times 2 \times 2\). The prime factorization is not \(12 = 2 \times 6\) because \(6\) is a composite number.
Method Factor Tree
The factor tree method involves breaking down a composite number into smaller factors, then breaking down those factors further until you have only prime factors.
Place the number at the top of the factor tree.
Check if the number is prime.
If the number is prime: Circle it. You are done with this branch.
If the number is composite: Factor it into two smaller factors. Write these two factors as branches below the number. Repeat step 2 for each of these new factors.
The prime factorization is the product of all circled prime numbers on the tree.